Malta: the land of sun and sea

Natural wonders

Malta may be small, but its natural landscapes are full of surprises. Across the archipelago, dramatic limestone cliffs, secluded coves, sea caves, and sweeping Mediterranean views create plenty of opportunities for memorable outdoor adventures.

One of Malta’s most impressive natural landmarks is the Dingli Cliffs on the western coast of the main island. Rising to approximately 253 metres above sea level, this area includes the highest point in Malta. From here, you can enjoy magnificent views across the Mediterranean Sea and, on a clear day, spot the small uninhabited island of Filfla in the distance.

The cliffs are particularly beautiful at sunset, when the limestone landscape takes on warm golden colours and the sea stretches towards the horizon. Follow the nearby walking paths, breathe in the fresh coastal air, and take your time appreciating the scenery. Remember to stay a safe distance from the cliff edges, especially when conditions are windy.

Approximately ten kilometres south of the Dingli Cliffs lies another extraordinary natural attraction. Near the village of Wied iż-Żurrieq, you’ll find the famous Blue Grotto, a collection of sea caves featuring a magnificent natural arch around 30 metres high.

The Blue Grotto is celebrated for the remarkable colours of its water. As sunlight reflects off the seabed and cave walls, the sea appears in vivid shades of blue, turquoise, and emerald green.

One of the best ways to experience this natural wonder is on a short boat excursion along the coast. The colours can be especially striking when the sunlight is favourable, although boat trips depend on the weather and sea conditions. Check locally whether excursions are operating before planning your visit.

For another side of the Maltese islands, head to Gozo, the country’s second-largest island. Often described as Malta’s more relaxed sister, Gozo is known for its peaceful villages, traditional atmosphere, and beautiful countryside.

The ferry crossing from the main island usually takes around 25 minutes, with lovely views of the Mediterranean along the way. Once you arrive, you’ll discover golden limestone cliffs, sheltered bays, green valleys, and quiet coastal paths.

Gozo is particularly appealing to travellers who enjoy exploring at a slower pace. Spend a day discovering its natural attractions, or stay a little longer to experience its village life, local traditions, and peaceful landscapes.

Add some salt!

No visit to Gozo would be complete without discovering its famous salt pans along the northern coast, near Xwejni Bay. Here, the rocky shoreline is divided into hundreds of shallow rectangular pools where seawater gradually evaporates beneath the Mediterranean sun.

On a calm day, the pools resemble an enormous mirror broken into countless pieces, each reflecting the sky and sunlight. Combined with the unusual limestone formations and waves of the Mediterranean, they create an almost otherworldly landscape.

What’s particularly fascinating is that traditional sea salt harvesting has been practised here for centuries. Local families have passed their knowledge from one generation to the next, preserving techniques that rely on the natural evaporation of seawater.

As the water evaporates, salt crystals form in the shallow pools. The crystals are carefully collected by hand, dried, and prepared for sale. The process depends heavily on sunshine, temperature, and humidity, so harvesting generally takes place during the warmer months.

If you’re looking for an authentic souvenir from Gozo, consider buying locally produced sea salt directly from the producers. It’s a simple yet distinctive product that reflects the island’s landscape and traditional way of life.

For centuries, salt was essential to Mediterranean communities. Beyond adding flavour to food, it helped preserve fish, meat, and other ingredients long before modern refrigeration became available.

To discover another remarkable salt-producing landscape, visit the Salina Nature Reserve on the north-eastern coast of Malta’s main island. This protected area includes historic salt pans and wetlands that provide important habitats for local and migratory wildlife.

Salina is particularly interesting for birdwatchers. Depending on the season and migration patterns, you may spot different waterbirds, including occasional flamingos.

At certain times, the water in the salt pans can take on beautiful pinkish shades due to microorganisms that thrive in highly saline environments. Together with the white salt deposits and soft Mediterranean light, the pools create an unforgettable scene.

When exploring these areas, follow local guidance, avoid entering working salt pans, and respect the wildlife. Responsible visits help preserve these unique landscapes and their cultural heritage.

Picturesque cities

Malta’s attractions extend well beyond its natural beauty. The archipelago has a remarkable historical heritage, where ancient fortifications, Baroque palaces, narrow streets, and beautiful stone buildings tell stories of different cultures and centuries.

Begin with Valletta, Malta’s capital and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Although it’s one of Europe’s smallest capitals, the city has an extraordinary concentration of architectural treasures, museums, churches, and historic landmarks.

Valletta was founded by the Knights of St John in the 16th century following the Great Siege of Malta in 1565. Designed as a fortified capital, it developed into an impressive city of defensive walls, grand palaces, churches, and carefully planned streets.

Today, Valletta invites visitors to explore its historic neighbourhoods, admire views across the harbours, and discover centuries of Mediterranean history around almost every corner.

One of Valletta’s most recognisable features is its colourful wooden balconies, which decorate the façades of traditional limestone buildings. Known as gallariji, these enclosed balconies give the city its distinctive architectural character.

They’re more than just decorative features. These traditional balconies reflect the island’s architectural heritage and provide shade and privacy during the hot summer months.

While exploring Valletta, take time to wander through its smaller streets. You’ll discover peaceful squares, inviting cafés, ornate door knockers, historic signs, and countless other details that make the city especially rewarding for photography enthusiasts.

Another fascinating destination is Mdina, Malta’s former capital. Often called the Silent City, Mdina is known for its peaceful atmosphere, narrow streets, and beautifully preserved historic centre.

Perched on a plateau in the heart of Malta, the city’s history stretches back to ancient times. Its architectural character combines medieval streets with elegant Baroque buildings, creating an atmosphere that feels wonderfully removed from modern life.

Wander through the cobbled lanes, admire the historic palaces, and discover quiet courtyards tucked behind imposing stone walls.

Because motorised traffic is restricted within much of the historic centre, Mdina is particularly pleasant to explore on foot. From some of its fortifications, you’ll also enjoy sweeping views over the surrounding Maltese countryside.

For an even deeper insight into the island’s history, visit neighbouring Rabat, known for its ancient churches, catacombs, and traditional local character.

Malta for foodies

Situated at the crossroads of Mediterranean cultures, Malta has developed a rich and distinctive culinary identity. Italian, Arabic, British, and other influences have shaped local food traditions, creating a delicious combination of ingredients, flavours, and cooking techniques.

Fresh seafood, seasonal vegetables, aromatic herbs, olive oil, and simple local ingredients are at the heart of many traditional Maltese dishes.

One of Malta’s best-known traditional dishes is rabbit, prepared in several different ways. A particularly popular recipe is stuffat tal-fenek, a rich rabbit stew slowly cooked with wine, garlic, tomatoes, and aromatic herbs.

Fish also plays a central role in Maltese cooking. It’s often prepared with seasonal vegetables, capers, tomatoes, olives, mint, and basil, creating flavours that perfectly reflect the Mediterranean setting.

Don’t leave without trying pastizzi, small, crisp pastries traditionally filled with ricotta or mushy peas. They’re among Malta’s most beloved snacks and can be found in bakeries and small cafés across the islands.

Another local favourite is ftira, traditional Maltese bread often served with tuna, tomatoes, capers, olives, and other savoury fillings. Simple yet full of flavour, it makes a wonderful lunch during a day of sightseeing.

If you’re particularly fond of seafood, head to Marsaxlokk, a traditional fishing village on Malta’s south-eastern coast.

Marsaxlokk is famous for its picturesque harbour and traditional wooden fishing boats known as luzzu. Painted in bright colours, many feature distinctive eyes on their bows, traditionally believed to protect fishermen at sea.

The village is especially lively on Sundays, when its popular market attracts both locals and visitors. However, the colourful harbour and relaxed fishing village atmosphere are enjoyable throughout the week.

Local restaurants serve a variety of seafood dishes, including lampuki, a fish also known as mahi-mahi or dolphinfish. It’s strongly associated with Maltese culinary traditions, although its availability depends on the fishing season.

Malta has also gained growing international recognition for its fine dining scene. The country’s restaurants received their first Michelin stars in 2020, marking an important milestone in the development of contemporary Maltese cuisine.

Since then, the local gastronomic scene has continued to evolve. Today, visitors can enjoy everything from family-run restaurants serving traditional recipes to creative dining establishments offering modern interpretations of Mediterranean cuisine.

One of Valletta’s well-known fine dining restaurants is Under Grain, located in the Rosselli Hotel. Its culinary approach reflects contemporary gastronomy, focusing on carefully selected ingredients, attention to detail, and elegant presentation.

Another interesting name is Terrone in historic Birgu, known for its Mediterranean influences and emphasis on fresh ingredients and seafood. Restaurants such as these offer a memorable way to end a day of exploring Malta’s historic towns and beautiful coastline.

Whether you’re drawn to dramatic coastal scenery, centuries of history, or a relaxed Mediterranean food culture, Malta has plenty to offer. You can experience its highlights during a short break or spend longer exploring the different islands, picturesque villages, and hidden corners of the archipelago.

Travel information: airBaltic no longer operates flights to Malta. This travel guide remains available to inspire independent journeys around the Maltese islands. If you’re planning your next trip with airBaltic, explore all airBaltic destinations and discover somewhere new to explore.

Text by Natalia Maiboroda